Common Prostate Conditions
Prostate Cancer
Many men that have prostate cancer have no symptoms. Therefore, prostate cancer typically develops unnoticed in the early stages; there are usually no complaints from the patient. Signs and symptoms only occur at later stages.
Prostate Cancer
Doctors use various diagnostic procedures to determine whether a patient has prostate cancer. The most common tests are listed below.
The multiple diagnostic procedures aim to find out how aggressive the cancer is, how large it is, whether it has spread into the surrounding tissue, and to assess the patient’s overall condition. Various examinations may need to be carried out several times to get the most detailed picture possible.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein made by prostate tissue. The amount of PSA measured in your blood normally increases with age and prostate size, but abnormally high levels may indicate the need for additional testing1.
The Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) test is performed by the Urologist who will use their gloved index finger to feel your prostate through the rectal wall to assess the size, shape and stiffness of your prostate1.
The Magnetic Resonance Imaging device will use magnets to generate an image of your prostate and surroundings. From this image, the doctor may be able to find regions suspicious for cancer1.
Under imaging guidance (typically ultrasound), a small needle is used to collect a small amount of tissue from the prostate for further examination1.
Prostate cancer is described as a change in the tissue. The prognosis depends on how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis. It can be characterized by ‘more’ or ‘less’ aggressive growth. Doctors use a method of classification called ‘staging’ to summarize the local extent and evidence of the spread of cancer.
The majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, where the cancer is limited to the prostate, meaning it is growing locally within the prostate. Therefore, it’s referred to as localized cancer. In later stages, it can extend outside the prostate, which is referred to as locally advanced cancer, or even metastasize to other organs. It can spread beyond the prostate by:
To recommend an appropriate treatment, doctors assign a stage to each patient’s prostate cancer. Staging is based on the extent of the cancer, whether lymph nodes are affected, and whether the cancer has already spread to other organs2.
A healthy prostate.
The cancer cannot be felt in a digital rectal examination, and cannot be seen using imaging techniques2.
The cancer is limited to the prostate — localized prostate cancer2.
The cancer has broken through the capsule — locally advanced prostate cancer2.
Common Prostate Conditions
BPH
Enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), affects almost all men aged 50 or over.
With BPH, there is an overgrowth of prostate tissue that pushes against the urethra and the bladder, restricting the flow of urine.
It is important to remember that the ‘B’ in BPH stands for benign, BPH is not cancer2.
BPH
An enlarged prostate alone may or may not cause symptoms (the size of the prostate is not indicative of the degree of urinary symptoms). However, the degree of bothersome symptoms is the most common reason men seek treatment.
The most common of which is an increased difficulty urinating such as:
BPH
The severity and type of symptoms you have and how much they bother you or impact your life are all facts that will help a doctor diagnose a patient. A simple questionnaire called the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a common starting point2.
A patient voluntarily empties his bladder, and the amount and speed of urine flow are measured. A special device can help physicians detect reduced urine flow associated with BPH2.
The Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) test is performed by the Urologist who will use their gloved index finger to feel your prostate through the rectal wall to assess the size, shape and stiffness of your prostate1.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein made by prostate tissue. The amount of PSA measured in your blood normally increases with age and prostate size, but abnormally high levels may indicate the need for additional testing1.
Common Prostate Conditions
Radio-recurrent Prostate Cancer
Common Prostate Conditions
Choosing the right treatment for you is not always an easy decision.
Understanding the values and risks associated with available options is essential to helping you make the best decision possible.
The following are some of the most commonly used treatments.
For more information, always speak to your doctor about your diagnosis and what is best for your health and lifestyle.
The TULSA Procedure is a customizable, predictable and incision-free and radiation-free ablation of a surgeon defined region of the prostate. It is performed in combination with real-time MR Imaging, transurethral thermal ultrasound and a closed-loop temperature feedback control.
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure (performed robotically or not) that removes the entire prostate gland. If the cancer has spread to surrounding lymph nodes, they too are removed.
Common side effects faced by patients after undergoing prostatectomy include erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence4.
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) uses high-energy x-ray beams from outside of the body to ablate cancer cells. Brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy) involves placing radioactive material inside or beside the cancer to ablate cancer cells5. Although both healthy and cancerous cells are damaged by radiation therapy, the goal is to destroy as few healthy cells as possible.
Common side effects faced by patients after undergoing radiation therapy include erectile dysfunction and gastrointestinal toxicity4.
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